Global Financial Meltdown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Worldwide Financial Meltdown - Essay Example 2) The defeat of Iceland For the situation of Iceland, it was an ideal spot for a family to live work the administration chose to deregulate the banks and let multinationals misuse their common assets. The outcome was a sad effect on the earth and the banks crumbled because of which joblessness significantly increased and a large number of the individuals lost their life reserve funds. At the point when the biggest banks were privatized, they acquired cash totaling to 120 billion dollars which was about multiple times the size of the economy. These banks and their exercises were upheld by American examiners, for example, KPMG and FICO score organization which remunerated them most elevated type of reviewing; Triple A’s. At long last, controllers framed the job of unimportant observers and sat idle. 3) Destructive development of United States budgetary part After the Great Depression, the monetary division was carefully managed; the vast majority of the banks were nearby and we re not permitted to utilize depositor’s cash for any kind of venture. In any case, at that point the speculation banks opened up to the world and that is the point at which the money related area went crazy. The speculation financiers currently were proprietors of gigantic measures of open cash. At the point when President Reagan came into power, he with his treasury secretary who was a CEO of Merrill Lynch, started a multi year deregulation plan. The principal firms to be deregulated were reserve funds and advances organizations. These organizations were deregulated which gave them a license to utilize depositors’ reserve funds for dangerous hypothesis purposes. They fizzled and many went to prison. Deregulation proceeded in Clinton’s period and by the late 1990’s you could recognize the major monetary firms. The deregulation movement was supervised by a Harvard financial educator Larry Summers, a market analyst Greenspan and Robert Rubin a previous CEO of venture bank Goldman Sachs. This unmistakably gives us how financial aspects was misused for individual increases, governmental issues was being affected by the budgetary division and the scholarly world debased. Further on, the narrative (Ferguson, â€Å"Inside Job†) educates us about how money related firms turned out to be solid to the point that they could break a law, be absolved by it for a year and afterward another law is passed to encourage their advantage. The merger between Citicorp and Travelers is an identical representation of the above articulation. While the money related area kept on getting amazing, the web bubble crash gave the economy an enormous blow. We understand through the narrative that the web bubble was pre-arranged on the grounds that venture banks were engaged with advancing firms which they knew would most likely fizzle. Discussions between the work force of speculation banks named those organizations as futile while they were portraying them as flawless venture chance to people in general. With deregulation occurring and the innovation headways happening; subsidiaries entered the economy. They were built so as to make more benefit, however in all actuality it was hazardous material that would make the market exceptionally unpredictable. So as to keep away from any conversation over its guideline, a bill was passed for de-guideline of subsidiaries. As the business was much more intensely ruled by a couple of immense speculation banks, security and insurance agencies and FICO score organizations than previously; money related division turned out to be significantly progressively confounded. 4) Complicated money related items built to develop benefits Inside employment gives

Variations on the Modern Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Minor departure from the Modern - Essay Example A portion of the major political and cultural changes which realized the innovation were the post world wars circumstance. The tremendous turns of events and changes in industry and innovation combined with the social trades, transportation and correspondence advancements and impacts from the West. The time of innovation in Scandinavia and Italy was both dynamic and idealistic. It comes from the renaissance for the students of history and was a social development which affected the Scandinavian and Italian workmanship, engineering, music and writing. The splitting ceaselessly from the customary styles to more up to date portrayals in the period, where there was a move from the conventional qualities. The period likewise checked development and advancements in science, morals, theory and brain research other than the recently referenced workmanship, design, music and writing. Various nations have had a lot of impacting innovation. This period saw an adjustment in the style and belief system of workmanship during this time. The way of thinking of craftsmanship was changed during this period regarding the topics and topic, and furthermore the utilization of hues, shapes and lines. The scholarly underpinnings of innovation rise during the Renaissance time frame when, through the investigation of the craftsmanship, verse, theory, and study of antiquated Greece and Rome, humanists resuscitated the thought that man, instead of God, is the proportion of all things, and advanced through instruction thoughts of citizenship and municipal awareness. The period likewise offered ascend to ‘utopian’ dreams of a progressively impeccable society.1 Below is an innovation timetable which shows the noteworthy occasions between 1920-1970. Innovation in Scandinavia had a blended elements of societies, language and legislative issues. This brought forth an adaptable and multi dimensional way of thinking of workmanship and structure which turned out to be progressively de cisive. The development from Europe encompassed Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Finland inside its overlap. The Scandinavian nations had their own one of a kind, yet significant job in the move towards innovation. The reaction to the boosts from the cutting edge world was unmistakable. The nations were encountering similar changes in the cutting edge life-social balance, industrialization and urbanization. Regardless, the results and effect indicated the special natures of craftsmanship and aptitudes that developed, which gave distinction and trademark workmanship and configuration to every one of the nations. However the peculiarity was joined with highlights which were basic to all the Scandinavian nations which remember a bringing together touch for terms of humanism, convention, balance, carefully assembled hairsplitting, unobtrusiveness, quietude and intentionality, 2 which came to know as the style of the Scandinavian current craftsmanship. Among the European nations, the Scandinavian had the option to depict the advanced imaginative touch in their customary and regular specialty most expressively. Nations, for example, Denmark, Sweden and Finland which had inside elements and assets which prompted an expanded tendency towards the specialty businesses were generally unequivocal in imparting the advanced tasteful in their specialty and art. With the breakdown of the specialty society framework in the mid-nineteenth century, they built up various

IQ vs. EQ Which One Is More Important

IQ vs. EQ Which One Is More Important Theories Cognitive Psychology Print Is IQ or EQ More Important? By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on December 06, 2019 More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Whats more important in determining life successâ€"book smarts or street smarts? This question gets at the heart of an important debate contrasting the relative importance of cognitive intelligence (IQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ). Proponents of the so-called book smarts might suggest that it is our IQ that plays the critical role in determining how well people fair in life. Those who advocate for the importance of what might be called street smarts would instead suggest that EQ is even more important. So which is it?  Illustration by Hugo Lin, Verywell Understanding the IQ vs. EQ Debate In his book  Emotional Intelligence, author and psychologist  Daniel Goleman suggested that EQ (or emotional intelligence quotient) might actually be more important than IQ.?? Why? Some psychologists believe that standard measures of intelligence (i.e.  IQ scores) are too narrow and do not encompass the full range of human intelligence. The psychologist Howard Gardner, for example, has suggested that intelligence is not simply a single general ability.?? Instead, he suggests that there are actually multiple intelligences and that people may have strengths in a number of these areas. Instead of focusing on a single, general intelligence, usually referred to as the g factor, some experts believe that  the ability to understand and express emotions can play an equal if the not more important role in how people fare in life.?? The Difference Between IQ and EQ How are IQ and EQ measured and tested? Lets start by defining the two terms in order to understand what they mean and how they differ. IQ, or  intelligence quotient, is a number derived from a  standardized intelligence test. On the original IQ tests, scores were calculated by dividing the individuals mental age by his or her  chronological age  and then multiplying that number by 100. So, a child with a mental age of 15 and a chronological age of 10 would have an IQ of 150. Today,  scores on most IQ tests are calculated  by comparing the test takers score to the average scores of other people in the same age group. IQ represents abilities such as: Visual and spatial processingKnowledge of the worldFluid reasoningWorking memory and short-term memoryQuantitative reasoning EQ, on the other hand, is a measure of a persons level of  emotional intelligence. This refers to a persons ability to perceive, control, evaluate, and express emotions. Researchers such as John Mayer and Peter Salovey as well as writers like Daniel Goleman have helped shine a light on  emotional intelligence, making it a hot topic in areas ranging from business management to education.?? EQ is centered on abilities such as: Identifying emotionsEvaluating how others feelControlling ones own emotionsPerceiving how others feelUsing emotions to facilitate social communicationRelating to others Since the 1990s, emotional intelligence has made the journey from a semi-obscure concept found in academic journals to a popularly recognized term. Today, you can buy toys that claim to help boost a childs emotional intelligence or enroll your kids in  social and emotional learning  (SEL) programs designed to teach  emotional intelligence skills.  In some schools in the United States, social and emotional learning is even a curriculum requirement. Which Is More Important? At one point in time, IQ was viewed as the primary determinant of success. People with high IQs were assumed to be destined for a life of accomplishment and achievement and researchers debated whether intelligence was the product of genes or the environment (the old  nature versus nurture debate). However, some critics began to realize that not only was high intelligence no guarantee for success in life, it was also perhaps too narrow a concept to fully encompass the wide range of human abilities and knowledge. IQ is still recognized as an important element of success, particularly when it comes to academic achievement. People with high IQs  typically to do well in school, often earn more money, and tend to be healthier in general.?? But today experts recognize it is not the only determinate of life success. Instead, it is part of a complex array of influences that includes emotional intelligence among other things. The concept of emotional intelligence has had a strong impact in a number of areas, including the business world. Many companies now mandate  emotional intelligence  training and utilize EQ tests as part of the hiring process. Research has found that individuals with strong  leadership  potential also tend to be more emotionally intelligent, suggesting that a high EQ is an important quality for business leaders and managers to have.?? For example, one insurance company discovered that EQ could play a vital role in sales success. Sales agents who ranked lower on emotional intelligence abilities such as empathy, initiative, and self-confidence were found to sell policies with an average premium of $54,000. For comparison, those agents who ranked highly on measures of EQ sold policies worth an average of $114,000. Emotional abilities can also influence the choices that consumers make when confronted with buying decisions. Nobel-prize winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman has found that people would rather deal with a person that they trust and like rather than someone they do not, even if that means paying more for an inferior product.?? Can Emotional Intelligence Be Learned? So you might be wondering if emotional intelligence is so important, can it be taught or strengthened? According to one meta-analysis that looked at the results of social and emotional learning programs, the answer to that question is an unequivocal yes. The study found that approximately 50% of kids enrolled in SEL programs had better achievement scores and almost 40% showed improved grade-point-averages. These programs were also linked to lowered suspension rates, increased school attendance, and reduced disciplinary problems. Some strategies for teaching emotional intelligence include offering character education, modeling positive behaviors, encouraging people to think about how others are feeling, and finding ways to be more empathetic toward others. A Word From Verywell Life success is a result of many factors. Both IQ and EQ undoubtedly play roles in influencing your overall success, as well as things such as health, wellness, and happiness. Rather than focusing on which factors might have a more dominant influence, the greatest benefit may lie in learning to improve skills in multiple areas. In addition to strengthening certain cognitive abilities, such as your memory and mental focus, you can also acquire new social and emotional skills that will serve you well in many different areas of your life.

Critical Writing Activity Comparing and Contrasting War...

The Red Badge of Courage, written by Stephen Crane, is a story about a boy named Henry who enlists into the Union Army and goes through the change of becoming a man. The movie, All’s Quiet in the Western Front, shows the horrifying realities of war by telling the story of a kid named Paul who becomes a soldier fighting for the Germans in World War I. Both stories portray similar and different ideas of war and how it can completely change a person’s view on life. In The Red Badge of Courage, the enemy soldiers don’t have any other role then to stand in a line and shoot until they die. When both sides finished fighting, they ate and talked with each other during the night, as if they are not even enemies. The main objective of the book is not to talk about Henry and his opponent but to focus more on his battle with himself to become a man. In All’s Quiet in the Western Front, the enemy is basically just there to fight for their country, and do not like t o associate with each other. Although once Henry comes face to face with one of the enemy soldiers, he realizes that the enemy is a human being and has a life, just like him. Another difference between the two stories is the way the soldiers lived while at war. In The Red Badge of Courage, the conditions were suitable and the men got good amounts of food. Crane says, â€Å"The regiment was fed and caressed at station after station†¦there was a lavish expenditure of bread and cold meats, coffee, and pickles and cheese.† TheyShow MoreRelatedComparing How Sherwood Anderson, William Faulkner, And Or Willa Cather Portray Aspects Of Small-Town Life1493 Words   |  6 PagesCather Portray Aspects Of Small-Town Life. Name Class Institution Date of submission Comparing and contrasting how Sherwood Anderson and William Faulkner, portray aspects of small-town life Introduction Sherwood Anderson as written much on people’s misery in most of his stories and utilized them ironically when ending the story. His life experiences influenced the methodology he utilized to write them. The stories related to difficult times that he went through while growing up. He was born in smallRead MoreLife of Dr. Jose P. Rizal6588 Words   |  27 Pagesunheard-of political ideas of freedom and individual rights which infuriated the authorities.[12][13] Despite the name change, Jose, as Rizal soon distinguishes himself in poetry writing contests, impressing his professors with his facility with Castilian and other foreign languages, and later, in writing essays that are critical of the Spanish historical accounts of the pre-colonial Philippine societies. Indeed, by 1891, the year he finished his El filibusterismo, this second surname had become so wellRead MoreBoyer Dbq Teacher Guide10764 Words   |  44 Pagesat writing standard essays before attempting to answer DBQ s. If your students have not mastered the expository essay form, you may want to try a simpler activity that will require them to use these documents. You could pose a quiz question requiring them to compare the New England and Chesapeake colonies including the information in Documents D and E. Or they could compare the Spanish and French efforts using the information in Documents B and D. Another possibility would be a jigsaw activity usingRead MoreJane Austen’s Novels and the Contemporary Social and Literary Conventions.12979 Words   |  52 PagesThe Gothic Romance. 13 3. Jane Austen and Her Novels in relation to the Contemporary Literature. 15 3.1. Austen’s Criticism about the Contemporary Fiction. 15 3.2. Jane Austen as a Conservative Writer and as a Social Critic. 16 3.3. Austen’s writing in her own perception. 17 4. Pride and Prejudice. 20 4.1. Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy – the Reversed Ideals. 20 22 5. Emma 23 5.1. Emma the heroine. 23 5.2. Men of sense and silly wives 26 5.3. Emma as the unusual learning. 28 ConclusionsRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesand this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. ThisRead MoreAn Application of David’s Strategy Formulation Framework to the Turkish Airlines on Domestic Air Transportation Operations21288 Words   |  86 Pagesand patience throughout this study. This thesis may not have been completed without his help, contributions, and constructive criticism. I am indebted to my wife cause without her encouragements maybe I would not find any motivations to begin with writin g this thesis. viii LIST OF CONTENTS Dedication Page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦........†¦iii Approval Page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.....†¦..iv Author Declarations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......v Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesasserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, OxfordRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and CultureRead MoreIntercultural Communication21031 Words   |  85 Pagescommunication in his book, The Silent Language, published in 1959, which is considered the founder of intercultural communication study and a classic in this field. Hall’s role in the study of IC is clearly pointed out by Gudykunst and Mody: â€Å"After World War II, the United States established a foreign aid program, the Marshall Plan, to help rebuild Europe. Based on the success of this program, U.S. President Harry S. Truman proposed in 1949 the United States should offer its technical and scientific expertiseRead MoreNotes18856 Words   |  76 Pagesthe degree to which it influenced not only the economic and political development of Africa but also the African people’s perception of themselves. This chapter focuses on the major European colonial powers in Africa. It will begin by comparing and contrasting in some detail the racial a  ­ ttitudes of the British, the French, and the Portuguese, proceeds to  ­ iscuss d their respective political administrative styles in their colonies and their e  ­ conomic policies and practices, and concludes

Micah Bustamante. Ms. Buzzeo. Eng 4U1-04 . January 18,

Micah Bustamante Ms. Buzzeo ENG 4U1-04 January 18, 2016 Exploring the Process of Individuation One’s own adversity is the greatest strength in their life. To encounter the challenging hurdles in society, people tend to overcome it through their grim experiences in life. In the novels, Lives of Saints written by Nino Ricci, Beloved written by Toni Morrison and the play King Lear written by William Shakespeare, all authors manage utilizing the characters’ obstacles to make them independent and mature. Shakespeare uses King Lear’s crisis in discovering his identity as an element to reveal the flaws behind his decisions which results in his ultimate downfall. In Lives of Saints, the main character isolation helps him gets a sense of†¦show more content†¦Whereas, In the novel, Lives of the Saints by Ricci, isolation becomes strenuous for Vittorio when rumours identify his moral values and status. Vittorio states â€Å"I was alone now, without friends, and it quickly became clear what my status was with other boys†¦ I was merely shunned, and could not make out the insults which they whispered to each other in class.† (Ricci 107). According to this statement, Vittorio suffers from being permanently neglected by his classmates due the rumour that his mother had an affair with a German soldier during her marriage which is perceived as a taboo in the village. Although, Vittorio did not commence actions that defiles his reputation. His mother’s past action consequently leads to the outcome of being aware of his status in society. Another occurrence of isolation is when one is separated from necessities which heavily impacts the emotional well-being of a person. In my circumstance, self-confidence and audacity are the necessary aspects that my friends took away from me during my high school education. I felt a sense of incompetence since my education performance is subpar in senior years and I was forced to achieve unrealistic standards by my parents. This led my friends to belittle my academic abilities and made me f eel that I do not contribute any value and worth in society. In other words, these character traits are the fundamental aspects needed for one to achieve in

Matrix Free Essays

Phoenix Material Representation of Interests Matrix Follow the instructions below to complete the matrix: Identify, in the first column, a minimum of five interests that are affected by public policy decisions, one per row of the table. List, in the second column, any groups or organizations that support the Interests you Identified In column one. List, In the third column, any groups or organizations that oppose the Interests you Identified In column one. We will write a custom essay sample on Matrix or any similar topic only for you Order Now Identify classes or groups affected by policies related to the interests you identified in column one. Identify classes or groups who have an Interest in the outcomes of policies related to the interests you identified in column one. Interests affected by Public Policy Groups and Organizations Supporting the Interest Groups and Organizations Opposing the Interest Classes or Groups Affected by the Interest Classes or Groups Interested in Policy Outcomes (MAD) The mission of mothers against drunk driving. National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration and with the Law Enforcement community. ADAM) is an organization founded by a group of responsible citizens ho were astonished to learn how legislator and other groups that have created an entire DOI industry in there quest for government revenues. (PIP) Victim Impact Panels The National Institute of Alcohol Abuse National Mullen Drinking Age Act. (ARP) They work to improve the quality of life for people age 50 and older and helps them with issues they face. The united Health Group and Optimum Labs organization 60 Plus Organization is an conservative alternative to (ARP) (MAC) The voice of Americans 50 and more Generation America RAJA has partnered with ARP on the Future of Nursing Campaign for Action. It affects about 40 million Americans over the age of 50 including workers and retirees. (NEAR) The National Rifle Association. Woman Warriors Pack which supports strong conservative woman which emphasizes that Its The National Right to Life Committee Issued an attack on the legislation on and sellers of firearms, ammunition There are several politicians who take a great interest in the out come of the (NEAR) (AMA) The American Medical Association works to promote the art and Science of medicine and to improve public health. Members are warriors and not helpless warriors. The Second Amendment Foundation is the country’s oldest legal-action group focusing on gun rights. Special treatment. Several religious groups such as The American Jewish Committee. And related wares. Millions of citizens are in favor of the (NEAR) and could be effected in countless ways according to the policies given to the (NEAR) Policies because they receive thousands of dollars for their personal campaigns from the (NEAR) The gun control activist groups are interested in the out come of the (NEAR) policies since they don’t agree tit them. The Christian Coalition of America works to represent the pro-family agenda and support policies that will strengthen and preserve, rather than threaten our families and our values. The National Wildfire Federation. The Republican Senatorial Committee The Family Research Council The (C) has a major impact in state and national elections, which as an impact on everyday citizens. Congress is affected because (C) is a major lobbying force for it. The Focus on the Family group The Board of Education Website organizations How to cite Matrix, Papers

Pressures for Change in UK Farming Essay Example

Pressures for Change in UK Farming Essay 1. Introduction Our task was to consider underlying reasons for change and diversification in farming and the rural economy sector. Give particular attention to the identification of factors (pressures) brought about on the industry which have, are, and which are likely to be brought to bear upon agricultural business and the impact and consequences of such on the future for UK farming. Within this report I will be looking specifically at factors which have, will, and are currently having an impact on the agricultural industry and their resulting effects on agricultural business. The spider chart below (figure 1) illustrates the key pressures for change that any business in the rural economy sector must be aware of. Drivers for Change in Agriculture and the Food Industry We will write a custom essay sample on Pressures for Change in UK Farming specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pressures for Change in UK Farming specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pressures for Change in UK Farming specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 2. Background The Second World War brought the century long policy of non-intervention in farming in the UK to an end. The 1947 Agricultural Act introduced guaranteed prices for farm products, with deficiency payments funded by the taxpayer. With joining the European Community (EC), support for agriculture continued under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The CAP was extremely successful in boosting European agricultural output. As a result, by the 1980s, large surpluses of the more common crops were produced throughout the European Community, which resulted in quotas and setaside regimes being introduced to control production. Since the war UK agriculture has embraced new technology and practices at an unpredicted rate, mainly in the form of increased mechanisation, increased use of inorganic fertilisers and agrochemicals, and continuous improvement of plant varieties and livestock breeds. Agriculture now in the UK landscape occupies 75% of the land area and contributes 1.4% to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The Agricultural Industry had adapted in the past and its future success will be as a result of its ability to continue changing in accordance to local, national and global changes in policy, climate, technology and the economy. 3. Pressures for Change Recently the pressures for change in UK farming have become much more apparent with many factors in todays economy contributing. 3.1. Economic; The farming and industrial industries have had their worst years during times of wealth as a whole. Though this seems unrealistic is comes around as a result of the strength of the pound. The strength of the pound in recent years has reduced the European subsidy payments that English industries receive and which many farmers rely on. The allocation of the Arable Area Payment subsidies has also been altered, where previously in 2000 Linseed would receive in subsidies à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½500/ hectare, currently it is only receiving à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½250/hectare. (figure 2) Arable Area Payment Subsidies Subsidies 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½/hectare Current Subsidies à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½/hectare Oil Seed Rape 300 250 Linseed 500 250 Legumes 270 280 (figure 2) Intro to Agri-Food Systems (16/01/04) The general trend of the price/hectare has fallen (figure 2), except in the case of legumes. The subsidies provided will have a big impact on the agricultural industry as farmers will want to produce crops which will guarantee a high income, therefore it is reasonable to assume there will be a decrease in Linseed drilled and an increase in Legumes. Though this is obviously the purpose of subsidies, as they act as both financial support and as an incentive to produce particular crops, which previously has resulted in surpluses of crops being produced. The European Union plans in May 2004 for ten new countries to join which will result in ten new agricultural systems joining the already existing fifteen. The subsidies being paid to farmers throughout the EU will have to be re-arranged and may/ probably will result in subsidies being paid to UK farmers being reduced. In 2002, the Mid Term Review of Agenda 2000 commenced, it was completed in June 2003 with a fundamental reform which provided for the decoupling of direct payments. This will have a huge effect on the subsidies UK farmers receive and will be looked at later. (section 4) In addition to farmers receiving less subsidies for their crops, and the imminent change of how subsidies will be paid, world food prices have fallen, while the cost of fuel and crucial resources needed for farming have increased. The government has been called upon to aid farmers and set up the Arable Area Compensation Scheme, which compensates farmers as a result of the falling price of wheat and grain crops. 3.2 Consumer Awareness; Crises such as BSE, Classical Swine Fever and Foot and Mouth Disease have severely affected the meat livestock sectors, with knock on effects for the rest of the industry. Foot and Mouth Disease made the nation realise that there is a big change needed in agriculture. The outbreak of the disease became apparent early in 2001 and continued to dominate the UK agricultural sector for the rest of the year. With vast amounts of cattle being slaughtered to prevent further spread of the disease, the UK was forced to import meat from Europe and other countries to cope with consumer demand. UK farmers were unable to export meat goods and experienced an overwhelming decrease in their incomes and had to pay large extra costs as a result of the movement restrictions. Many farmers struggled to find other methods to provide an income. Many farmers diversified, providing bed and breakfast facilities and camp sites, while some sold off farm building, or applied for planning permission to renovate newly vacant farm buildings into homes and holiday houses. Previous to the Foot and Mouth crisis was BSE, which was brought into the public eye in 1996. The health issues surrounding livestock have brought about changes in the regulation on the slaughter of animals in addition to the amount of paperwork required. Cattle passports have now been bought into affect. A complete in depth background history is now required of animals and all food produce. Passports in cattle can be matched with tags on the cattles ears. In 1998 a centralised computer system was introduced to record the births, movements and deaths of all UK cattle. In order for the agricultural farming industry to regain consumer confidence in British produce there had to be a few major changes. The influence of the media had portrayed that there had been too much farmer intervention and interference with the livestock. The general public became aware of how many chemicals were being used in modern day agriculture. As a result of this there was a huge movement in the demand for organically produced produce. 3.3. Organic demand; The main drive for the increase in organic produce was due to the consumer needing to feel in control of what they were eating as a result of the media leading the consumer to believe organic is better and healthier. Farmers of course responded to the immense demand for organic produce and some farmers decided to convert their farms into organic farms. There was an expediential increase seen in the area of land farmed organically from 1996 (figure 3), which can be directly linked to the outbreak of the BSE crisis that year. The main drawback to farmers is that there is a time delay as it takes three years for a farm to become fully organic. To aid farmers, in 1996 MAFF introduced the Organic Conservation Information Service. Another factor which is going to have a big impact on organic farming is the new regulation on organic livestock coming into action in 2005. At present organic cattle must be fed 75% organic matter to be considered organic, in 2005 all food matter for organic cattle much its self be organic. It is therefore likely to presume that the demand for organic animal feed stuff is going to increase. Consumer demand was not the only reason for a sudden increase in organic farming. Other factors also had a large part to play; poor prices for conventional food produce, wheat/ barley, livestock, where the same organic produce fetched much better premiums was a big incentive for farmers to move to organic farming. (figure 3) The Soil Association (2003) Low prices for conventional food produce comes around as a direct result of Supermarkets and other retail shops trying to keep food prices low. Supermarkets were quick to take advantage of the increase in demand for organic produce and started producing their own organic products. 3.4 Supermarkets; The supermarkets are selling products at lower prices for the convenience of consumers. To remain competitive the supermarkets and retail outlets are constantly lowering prices on commodity goods which as a result has a crippling effect on farmers wages, which are decreasing rapidly. However, with the introduction of organic products supermarkets have found that they can charge the general public more for Organic labelled produce. The role of supermarkets in agriculture is crucial. A product which the supermarket had a huge impact on in 2003 was milk. The price of milk became cheaper to buy than it did to produce resulting in dairy farmers working at a loss. Dairy farmers demanded that prices of milk should be raised to cover production cost. Most supermarkets did comply with the demands of dairy workers. Supermarkets have a destructive force on the agricultural economy, niche markets such as small retail stores and farm shops are loosing customers to them. Consumers do not have the time to shop around for groceries, supermarkets are more convenient to consumers demands in todays society. With the increase in demand for food to be bought from the Supermarket there is likely to be an increase in Agri-business (corporate businesses) directly supplying the stores. Though this in itself is not a problem for the larger farms, it is the smaller farms that will loose out. A supplier, middleman, will want to save their costs by buying from a farmer which can provide a full quota, rather than going to many small farms. Smaller farms will have to look for other ways to secure sales to the supermarkets. At present only 44% of organic produce is from the UK with not much more everyday food being sourced from the UK. This has a lot to do with supermarkets providing the consumer with the all year summer. The season for growing strawberries in the UK is short, so supermarkets import strawberries from abroad all year round at a cheaper price, meaning that UK farmers loose out. This applies in the case of most fruit and vegetables. In some cases the UK supplier for a food produce is completely dropped having a huge impact on the UK agricultural industry. 3.5 Climate; It can be seen that climate, or the climate the UK does not have, has a huge impact on the agricultural industry. The UKs inability to produce food all year round means that food is often sourced from else where. However the change in climate, which is being experienced world over is going to have an effect on crops and livestock and will alter agricultural production worldwide. Production changes will affect the prices commanded by different farm products, and their profitability and relative competitiveness. The crops and animals that the UK produces in the future will therefore depend on both world prices for agricultural products and local production potential. Changes in climate will have different effects on agricultural yields in various parts of the world. At the higher latitudes (beyond 50à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½N and 50à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½S), warmer temperatures are predicted to lengthen and increase the intensity of the growing season. Yields are likely to increase in these areas. In contrast, in tropical and equatorial regions warmer temperatures may worsen already quite frequent water and heat stress on plants due to higher rates of evaporation. Crop and livestock yields may decrease in these areas. The unequal distribution of losses and gains in yields will have a major influence on where food is produced, how much is traded and relative prices. The prospective impacts of climate change will require farmers in the UK and worldwide to respond and result in change of the agricultural system. 4. Government Intervention A part of Agricultural Policy to aid British farmers which has been a cause for change is the European Union (EU). Since Britain joined the EU we have had to comply with the rules set by the European government, the specialist policy in agriculture is the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The CAP is made up of a set of rules and mechanisms, which regulate the production, trade and processing of agricultural products in the EU with attention being focused increasingly on rural development. The CAP has been based on the three principles of; 1. A unified market, this denotes the free movement of agricultural products within the area of member states for the organisation of the unified market. 2. Community preference, means that the EU agricultural products are given preference and a price advantage over imported goods. 3. Financial solidarity, all expenses and spending which result from the application of CAP are borne by the community budget. When established the CAP relied on prices above the world market prices to secure stable supplies of food at a time of insufficiency. This approach over the years, linked with technological breakthroughs, resulted in surpluses in many products. The cost of the surpluses, the external trading environment, concerns about food safety and animal welfare and a growing awareness of environmental issues led to successive reforms of the CAP, leading to changes having to occur within the agricultural industry. In 2002, the Mid Term Review of Agenda 2000 commenced, it was completed in June 2003 with a fundamental reform which provided for the decoupling of direct payments from production in the case of livestock production, milk production and arable crops, with partial decoupling options for Member States which do not wish to decouple fully. As well as changing the way in which subsidies will be allocated, the European Council set limits to be applied to agricultural expenditure for the next budget in the period of 2007 to 2013, taking into account the already existing fifteen Member States and the ten joining countries. The Mid Term Review also looked closely at matters relating to food safety, environmental and animal welfare issues. A European Food Safety Authority has been established and a comprehensive programme of legislative reform is being undertaken, looking at all elements of food safety including veterinary and plant health rules, food and hygiene and animal welfare. The CAP will always play a vital role in the agricultural sector of the EU and at current it is concentrating on the implementation of the Mid-Term Review, and the introduction of 10 new Member States to the EU agricultural system on 1st May 2004. 5. Conclusion UK farming has come through the crisis of Food and Mouth disease and many farmers have managed to survive and diversify due to changes in regulation. For farmers at the moment, and the whole agricultural industry in the UK, the main concern must be to regain the public trust in British produce. Many farmers saw the production of organic produce as a foot hold for future success in the UK farming. It is therefore clear to see that the success for the future will rely heavily on farming and food production in the UK being able to reconnect with the rest of the food chain and with consumers. Rules and Regulations set out in the CAP aim to help secure the success of future farming. Though it may seem sometimes to act as a constraint in some sectors of agriculture, is it devised in the long-term to improve farming conditions in all aspects of agriculture. It is vital for the success of any industry that it is aware of the latest developments relating to their sector and to be able to apply them. This is a weakness in UK farming. For the success of UK agriculture in the future, it must look at its past to see the changes that had to happen. It is vital that farmers realise that the pressures for change will constantly be there and for success they must continue to change.